SDM OR DM? WHO IS MAGISTRATE FIRST CLASS IN INDIA?

SDM OR DM? WHO IS MAGISTRATE FIRST CLASS IN INDIA?

SDM OR DM? Who Is Magistrate First Class In India?

Magistrates in Group-A Category by status with judicial powers are called Magistrate 1st Class. District magistrates as Magistrates of First Class. The official seal, which such Magistrates use, also indicates their being of 1st Class Category So the question arrives who is called as the Magistrate first class in India ? SDO or DM?

Difference between Common object and Common intention under ipc

SDM

Each Subdivision is under the charge of an officer designated as a Subdivisional Magistrate (S.D.M.) or Deputy Collector who is a member of the State Civil Services cadre. These subdivisions are divided into various Tehsils or Talukas. SDM’s in Sub-Divisions are normally of 2nd Class and tehsildars in a state are treated as 3rd Class magistrates.
Primary function of district magistrate (DM) is Maintenance of law and order and safety in the district. Since District Collectors also have executive magisterial powers, this post is also referred to as the District Magistrate.
  • A judicial magistrate first class can sentence a person to jail for up to three years and impose a fine of up to Rs 5,000.
  • A judicial magistrate second class can sentence a person to jail for up to one year and impose a fine of up to Rs 3,000.
  • There are four categories of magistrates in India. This classification is given in the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. It stipulates that in each sessions district, there shall be
1.A Chief Judicial Magistrate
2.Judicial Magistrates First Class;
3.Judicial Magistrates Second Class; and

Executive Magistrates

“Chief Judicial Magistrate” includes Additional Chief Judicial magistrates also. There is a Sub Divisional Judicial magistrate in every Sub Division (SDJM) although he is technically only a Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC). Judicial Magistrates can try criminal cases.
An Executive Magistrate is an officer of the Executive branch (as opposed to the Judicial branch) who is invested with specific powers under both the CrPC and the Indian Penal Code (IPC). These powers are conferred in the main by the following sections of the CrPC: sections 107-110 and the relevant provisions; sec 133 and sec 144 and the relevant provisions, sec 145& 147 and the relevant provisions.
These officers cannot try any accused nor pass verdicts.
A person arrested on the orders of a court located outside the local jurisdiction should be produced before an Executive Magistrate who can also set the bail amount for the arrested individual to avoid police custody, depending on the terms of the warrant.
The Executive Magistrate also can pass orders restraining persons from committing a particular act or preventing persons from entering an area (Sec 144 CrPC). There is no specific provision to order a “curfew” The Executive Magistrates alone are authorized to use force against people. In plain language, they alone can disperse an “unlawful assembly”; technically, the police is to assist the Executive Magistrate. They can direct the police about the manner of force (baton charge/ tear gas/blank fire/ firing) and also how much force should be used. They can also take the assistance of the Armed Forces to quell a riot.
There are, in each Revenue District (as opposed to a Sessions District) the following kinds of Executive Magistrates:
1.one District Magistrate (DM)
2.one or more Additional District Magistrates (ADM)
3.one or more Subdivisional District Magistrates (SDM)and

4.Executive Magistrates

All the Executive Magistrates of the district, except the ADM, are under the control of the DM; for magisterial duties, the ADM reports directly to the government and not to the DM.

These magistracies are normally conferred on the officers of the Revenue Department, although an officer can be appointed exclusively as an Executive Magistrate. Normally, the Collector of the district is appointed as the DM. Similarly, the Sub-Collectors are appointed as the SDMs. Tahsildars.

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